3.898 \(\int \frac{x^3}{a-b+2 a x^2+a x^4} \, dx\)

Optimal. Leaf size=56 \[ \frac{\log \left (a x^4+2 a x^2+a-b\right )}{4 a}+\frac{\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{a} \left (x^2+1\right )}{\sqrt{b}}\right )}{2 \sqrt{a} \sqrt{b}} \]

[Out]

ArcTanh[(Sqrt[a]*(1 + x^2))/Sqrt[b]]/(2*Sqrt[a]*Sqrt[b]) + Log[a - b + 2*a*x^2 + a*x^4]/(4*a)

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Rubi [A]  time = 0.0489732, antiderivative size = 56, normalized size of antiderivative = 1., number of steps used = 5, number of rules used = 5, integrand size = 22, \(\frac{\text{number of rules}}{\text{integrand size}}\) = 0.227, Rules used = {1114, 634, 618, 206, 628} \[ \frac{\log \left (a x^4+2 a x^2+a-b\right )}{4 a}+\frac{\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{a} \left (x^2+1\right )}{\sqrt{b}}\right )}{2 \sqrt{a} \sqrt{b}} \]

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Int[x^3/(a - b + 2*a*x^2 + a*x^4),x]

[Out]

ArcTanh[(Sqrt[a]*(1 + x^2))/Sqrt[b]]/(2*Sqrt[a]*Sqrt[b]) + Log[a - b + 2*a*x^2 + a*x^4]/(4*a)

Rule 1114

Int[(x_)^(m_.)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4)^(p_.), x_Symbol] :> Dist[1/2, Subst[Int[x^((m - 1)/2)*(a +
b*x + c*x^2)^p, x], x, x^2], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, p}, x] && IntegerQ[(m - 1)/2]

Rule 634

Int[((d_.) + (e_.)*(x_))/((a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2), x_Symbol] :> Dist[(2*c*d - b*e)/(2*c), Int[1/(a +
b*x + c*x^2), x], x] + Dist[e/(2*c), Int[(b + 2*c*x)/(a + b*x + c*x^2), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] &
& NeQ[2*c*d - b*e, 0] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] &&  !NiceSqrtQ[b^2 - 4*a*c]

Rule 618

Int[((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Dist[-2, Subst[Int[1/Simp[b^2 - 4*a*c - x^2, x], x]
, x, b + 2*c*x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0]

Rule 206

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(1*ArcTanh[(Rt[-b, 2]*x)/Rt[a, 2]])/(Rt[a, 2]*Rt[-b, 2]), x]
/; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && NegQ[a/b] && (GtQ[a, 0] || LtQ[b, 0])

Rule 628

Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_))/((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(d*Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x +
c*x^2, x]])/b, x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] && EqQ[2*c*d - b*e, 0]

Rubi steps

\begin{align*} \int \frac{x^3}{a-b+2 a x^2+a x^4} \, dx &=\frac{1}{2} \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{x}{a-b+2 a x+a x^2} \, dx,x,x^2\right )\\ &=-\left (\frac{1}{2} \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{a-b+2 a x+a x^2} \, dx,x,x^2\right )\right )+\frac{\operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{2 a+2 a x}{a-b+2 a x+a x^2} \, dx,x,x^2\right )}{4 a}\\ &=\frac{\log \left (a-b+2 a x^2+a x^4\right )}{4 a}+\operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{4 a b-x^2} \, dx,x,2 a \left (1+x^2\right )\right )\\ &=\frac{\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{a} \left (1+x^2\right )}{\sqrt{b}}\right )}{2 \sqrt{a} \sqrt{b}}+\frac{\log \left (a-b+2 a x^2+a x^4\right )}{4 a}\\ \end{align*}

Mathematica [A]  time = 0.0174984, size = 51, normalized size = 0.91 \[ \frac{\log \left (a \left (x^2+1\right )^2-b\right )+\frac{2 \sqrt{a} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{a} \left (x^2+1\right )}{\sqrt{b}}\right )}{\sqrt{b}}}{4 a} \]

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Integrate[x^3/(a - b + 2*a*x^2 + a*x^4),x]

[Out]

((2*Sqrt[a]*ArcTanh[(Sqrt[a]*(1 + x^2))/Sqrt[b]])/Sqrt[b] + Log[-b + a*(1 + x^2)^2])/(4*a)

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Maple [A]  time = 0.043, size = 49, normalized size = 0.9 \begin{align*}{\frac{\ln \left ( a{x}^{4}+2\,a{x}^{2}+a-b \right ) }{4\,a}}+{\frac{1}{2}{\it Artanh} \left ({\frac{2\,a{x}^{2}+2\,a}{2}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}}} \right ){\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}}} \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int(x^3/(a*x^4+2*a*x^2+a-b),x)

[Out]

1/4*ln(a*x^4+2*a*x^2+a-b)/a+1/2/(a*b)^(1/2)*arctanh(1/2*(2*a*x^2+2*a)/(a*b)^(1/2))

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Maxima [F(-2)]  time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} \text{Exception raised: ValueError} \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(x^3/(a*x^4+2*a*x^2+a-b),x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

Exception raised: ValueError

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Fricas [A]  time = 1.49557, size = 312, normalized size = 5.57 \begin{align*} \left [\frac{b \log \left (a x^{4} + 2 \, a x^{2} + a - b\right ) + \sqrt{a b} \log \left (\frac{a x^{4} + 2 \, a x^{2} + 2 \, \sqrt{a b}{\left (x^{2} + 1\right )} + a + b}{a x^{4} + 2 \, a x^{2} + a - b}\right )}{4 \, a b}, \frac{b \log \left (a x^{4} + 2 \, a x^{2} + a - b\right ) - 2 \, \sqrt{-a b} \arctan \left (\frac{\sqrt{-a b}}{a x^{2} + a}\right )}{4 \, a b}\right ] \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(x^3/(a*x^4+2*a*x^2+a-b),x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

[1/4*(b*log(a*x^4 + 2*a*x^2 + a - b) + sqrt(a*b)*log((a*x^4 + 2*a*x^2 + 2*sqrt(a*b)*(x^2 + 1) + a + b)/(a*x^4
+ 2*a*x^2 + a - b)))/(a*b), 1/4*(b*log(a*x^4 + 2*a*x^2 + a - b) - 2*sqrt(-a*b)*arctan(sqrt(-a*b)/(a*x^2 + a)))
/(a*b)]

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Sympy [B]  time = 0.488198, size = 110, normalized size = 1.96 \begin{align*} \left (\frac{1}{4 a} - \frac{\sqrt{a^{3} b}}{4 a^{2} b}\right ) \log{\left (x^{2} + \frac{4 a b \left (\frac{1}{4 a} - \frac{\sqrt{a^{3} b}}{4 a^{2} b}\right ) + a - b}{a} \right )} + \left (\frac{1}{4 a} + \frac{\sqrt{a^{3} b}}{4 a^{2} b}\right ) \log{\left (x^{2} + \frac{4 a b \left (\frac{1}{4 a} + \frac{\sqrt{a^{3} b}}{4 a^{2} b}\right ) + a - b}{a} \right )} \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(x**3/(a*x**4+2*a*x**2+a-b),x)

[Out]

(1/(4*a) - sqrt(a**3*b)/(4*a**2*b))*log(x**2 + (4*a*b*(1/(4*a) - sqrt(a**3*b)/(4*a**2*b)) + a - b)/a) + (1/(4*
a) + sqrt(a**3*b)/(4*a**2*b))*log(x**2 + (4*a*b*(1/(4*a) + sqrt(a**3*b)/(4*a**2*b)) + a - b)/a)

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Giac [A]  time = 3.55729, size = 62, normalized size = 1.11 \begin{align*} -\frac{\arctan \left (\frac{a x^{2} + a}{\sqrt{-a b}}\right )}{2 \, \sqrt{-a b}} + \frac{\log \left (a x^{4} + 2 \, a x^{2} + a - b\right )}{4 \, a} \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(x^3/(a*x^4+2*a*x^2+a-b),x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

-1/2*arctan((a*x^2 + a)/sqrt(-a*b))/sqrt(-a*b) + 1/4*log(a*x^4 + 2*a*x^2 + a - b)/a